Overview
This unit encompasses several chapters, all pertaining to systems of transport, whether in plants or mammals, and their roles in life sustenance.
Chapter Seven
TRANSPORT IN MULTICELLULAR PLANTS
CONTENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
- The need for transport systems in animals and plants.
- The effects of environmental factors on transpiration rate.
- The comparison of structures between xylem and phloem and their distribution in roots, stems, and leaves, and their relation to functions.
- The mechanisms by which water moves from roots to leaves.
- The explanation of translocation of organic materials in plants.
Chapter Eight
THE MAMMALIAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
CONTENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
- The description of structures of mammalian transport system, specifically arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- The relationship between the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- The structure of red blood vessels, phagocytes, and lymphocytes.
- The role of hemoglobin in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- The explanation of the significance of the dissociation curve of adult hemoglobin at different carbon dioxide levels.
- The significance of the increase in red blood cell count of humans at high altitude.
Chapter Nine
THE MAMMALIAN HEART
CONTENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
- The external and internal structure of the mammalian heart.
- The differences in the thickness of walls of the different heart chambers and their associated functions.
- The detailed description of the cardiac cycle.
- The explanation of how the hear action is initiated and controlled.
Chapter Ten
GAS EXCHANGE
CONTENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
- The structure of the human gas exchange system, including the trachea, bronchioles, alveoli, and their associated blood vessels.
- The distribution of cartilage, cilated epithelium, goblet cells, and smooth muscle in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
- The function of all structures in the human gas exchange system.
- The process of gas exchange between air, the alveoli, and the blood in detail.
Chapter Eleven
SMOKING
CONTENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
- The effects of tar and carcinogens in tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system.
- The signs and symptoms of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), known as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- The effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide on the cardiovascular system.
- The contribution of tobacco smoking to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD).